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CONTENTS
Volume 24, Number 2, February 2017
 


Abstract
The present study revealed comparison the pressure distribution on the surfaces of regular cross plan shaped building with angular cross plan shaped building which is being transformed from basic cross plan shaped building through the variation of internal angles between limbs by 15 for various wind incidence angle from 0 to 180 at an interval of 30. In order to maintain the area same the limbs sizes are slightly increased accordingly. Numerical analysis has been carried out to generate similar nature of flow condition as per IS: 875 (Part –III):1987 (a mean wind velocity of 10 m/s) by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with help of ANSYS CFX (k-e model). The variation of mean pressure coefficients, pressure distribution over the surface, flow pattern and force coefficient are evaluated for each cases and represented graphically to understand extent of nonconformities due to such angular modifications in plan. Finally regular cross shaped building results are compared with wind tunnel results obtained from similar \'+\' shaped building study with similar flow condition. Reduction in along wind force coefficients for angular crossed shaped building, observed for various skew angles leads to develop lesser along wind force on building compared to regular crossed shaped building and square plan shaped building. Interference effect within the internal faces are observed in particular faces of building for both cases, considerably. Significant deviation is noticed in wind induced responses for angular cross building compared to regular cross shaped building for different direction wind flow.

Key Words
CFD; wind incidence angle; cross plan shaped building; k-e turbulence model; pressure co-efficient and force coefficient

Address
Debasish Kumar and Sujit Kumar Dal: Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711103, India

Abstract
The traditional method for the simulation of high Reynolds number (Re) effects on wind loads on cooling tower models in wind tunnels focuses only on the mean wind pressure distribution. Based on observed effects of some key factors on static/dynamic flow characteristics around cooling towers, the study reported in this paper describes a comprehensive simulation method using both mean and fluctuating wind pressure distributions at high Re as simulation targets, which is indispensable for obtaining the complete full-scale wind effects in wind tunnels. After being presented in this paper using a case study, the proposed method is examined by comparing the full covariance matrices and the cross-spectral densities of the simulated cases with those of the full-scale case. Besides, the cooling tower\'s dynamic structural responses obtained using the simulated wind pressure fields are compared with those obtained by using the full-scale one. Through these works, the applicability and superiority of the proposed method is validated.

Key Words
cooling tower; wind tunnel model test; Reynolds number effect; mean/fluctuating wind pressure distribution; field measurement

Address
X.X. Cheng: State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
L. Zhao and Y.J. Ge: State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
J. Dong and C. Demartino: College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China



Abstract
The auxiliary structures of a high-rise building, such as balconies, ribs, and grids, are usually much smaller than the whole building; therefore, it is difficult to simulate them on a scaled model during wind tunnel tests, and they are often ignored. However, they may have notable effects on the local or overall wind loads of the building. In the present study, a series of wind pressure wind tunnel tests and high-frequency force balance (HFFB) wind tunnel tests were conducted on rigid models of an actual super high-rise building with vertical ribs protruding from its facades. The effects of the depth and spacing of vertical ribs on the mean values, fluctuating values and the most unfavorable values of the local wind pressure coefficients were investigated by analyzing the distribution of wind pressure coefficients on the facades and the variations of the wind pressure coefficients at the cross section at 2/3 of the building height versus wind direction angle. In addition, the effects of the depth and spacing of vertical ribs on the mean values, fluctuating values and power spectra of the overall aerodynamic force coefficients were studied by analyzing the aerodynamic base moment coefficients. The results show that vertical ribs significantly decrease the most unfavorable suction coefficients in the corner recession regions and edge regions of facades and increase the mean and fluctuating along-wind overall aerodynamic forces.

Key Words
vertical ribs; wind pressure; aerodynamic force; high-rise building; wind tunnel test

Address
Yong Quan, Fangchao Hou and Ming Gu: State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Abstract
The present study provides a deeper understanding of the flow fields of a full-scale railway wind barriers by means of a wind tunnel test. First, the drag forces of the three wind barriers were measured using a force sensor, and the drag force coefficients were compared with a similar scale model. On this basis, the mean wind velocity and turbulence upwind and downwind of the wind barriers were measured. The effects of pore size and opening forms of the wind barrier were discussed. The results show that the test of the scaled wind barrier model may be unsafe, and it is suitable to adopt the full-scale wind barrier model. The pore size and the opening forms of wind barriers have a slight influence on the flow fields upwind of the wind barrier but have some influences on the flow fields and power spectra downwind of the wind barrier. The smaller pore size generates a lower turbulence density and value of the power spectrum near the wind barrier, and the porous wind barriers clearly provide better shelter than the bar-type wind barriers.

Key Words
wind barrier; full-scale; wind tunnel test; flow fields; power spectra

Address
Yang Su, Huoyue Xiang, Chen Fang, Lei Wang and Yongle Li: Department of Bridge Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China

Abstract
High-resolution wind measurements at 2.25 m in height were used to investigate the mean and turbulence properties of an extreme thunderstorm wind event in West Texas. These data were combined with single Doppler scans from the Texas Tech University Ka-band mobile Doppler radars systems (TTUKa) to provide meteorological context over the surface measurement stations for portions of the outflow. Several features characteristic of a severe wind event were noted in the radar data, including a bowing portion of the thunderstorm complex and a small circulation on the leading edge. These features were reflected in the surface wind time histories and provided natural separation between various regions of the outflow. These features also contributed to the peak 1-s gust at all measurement stations. The turbulence characteristics of each outflow region were also investigated and compared. Reduced values of running turbulence intensity and elevated values of longitudinal integral scales were noted during the period of peak wind speed. Larger scales of turbulence within the outflow were also suggested via spectral analysis.

Key Words
thunderstorm; non-synoptic wind and turbulence; surface measurements; radar

Address
W. Scott Gunter, Christopher C. Weiss and Eric C. Bruning: Atmospheric Science Group, Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
ohn L. Schroeder: Atmospheric Science Group, Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA;
National Wind Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA



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